CompTIA certification for IT professionals

Throughout the second half of the year, Tri-C will offer both online and classroom training courses to prepare students for certification in CompTIA IT Fundamentals and CompTIA A+. Students can take the certification exams at the testing center on Tri-C’s Metropolitan Campus.

The four-course sequence includes:

CompTIA Fundamentals: Covers the basics, including basic computer components, workstation and software installation, basic connectivity and basic security risks.

CompTIA A+ Part 1: Builds on Fundamentals, taking a deeper dive into hardware, including PC hardware foundations, system components management, data storage management and support for printers and multifunction devices.

CompTIA A+ Part 2: Focuses on software management, including network and security foundations, operating system foundations, installing and configuring Microsoft Windows and troubleshooting system errors.


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CompTIA’s published objectives for your Exam

The exam objectives for CompTIA A+ can be found here. A+ requires candidates to pass two exams, 220-1001 (Core 1) and 220-1002 (Core 2). Download the objectives for the test(s) you need. Read them completely before you begin, and you will get substantial insight to guide your effort.

When you review the Objectives, you’ll see that they are arranged by main domains that contain sub-domains and topics. They also show what percentage of the examination each domain represents. Here are the 220-1002 Core 2 Main Domains.

You can see four main domains. Within each domain are subdomains that contain the topic points. Use the topics to target your studies. The Core 2 objectives alone are 19 pages long It is a good idea to print these for quick reference since there are over 30 sub-objectives that are all loaded with topics. Here’s a small chunk of the Core 2 Objective 1.0 Operating Systems. You will see the sub-domains shown here are numbered as 1.1,1.2,1.3 etc… This is where you should concentrate. The objectives are written in a manner that provides some perspective as to what they’re looking for.

There is no shortage of material aimed at the A+ certification. There are Study guides, eBooks, and Authorized self-tests. Many are available from reputable authors and publishers. You want to stick with the major authors and publishers. Do your homework before you spend your money! Research each vendor, look at the customer comments for common complaints. Remember, no Crams, no Cheats, no Brain Dumps!

CertBlaster offers legitimate free A+ ExamNotes that address every Exam objective and topic for your certification along with a sample of the test content. All the free Learning content on CertBlaster is there primarily to help you certify. You can get thousands of questions in the CertBlaster test for your chosen exam.
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CYBERSECURITY JOBS, CERTIFICATIONS, AND EDUCATION

It is currently estimated that 69% of companies are understaffed when it comes to information security. And 32% say that it can take six months or more to fill a single cybersecurity job. Artificial intelligence and machine learning are being leveraged to fill in gaps in staffing, supplementing the hard work of security analysts, but it’s not enough. It is anticipated that by 2022, there will be 1.8 million unfilled cybersecurity jobs, which is an increase of 20% from 2015 (1.5 million vacancies). These unfilled positions and understaffed security teams only exacerbate the data breach issues that face companies today.

While colleges and universities offer cybersecurity tracks, the skills gap is not necessarily being closed by these degree programs. Organizations are seeking analysts with practical experience and performance-based training that comes from well-respected certifications, such as Security+ from CompTIA®.

In addition to certification being practically mandatory for security focused job roles, some 10% of all IT job postings now include Security+ as a requirement, regardless of the role. From network engineers to service desk technicians, cybersecurity is becoming a core capability within the IT industry, and Security+ remains one of the most highly recommended and popular credentials in the field.

CompTIA, a non-profit trade association, is the voice of the IT industry. CompTIA works through professional certifications, educational programs, research, networking events, philanthropy and public policy advocacy to advance IT. Because CompTIA is committed to impartiality and objectivity in carrying out its certifications, it is highly respected here in America and in over 140 other countries around the world.
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CompTIA Certifications The Foundation

Many people begin their IT certification path with CompTIA certifications. CompTIA has been in existence for more than 30 years and has certified hundreds of thousands of people in a range of essential disciplines. CompTIA’s core credentials are A+, Network+ and Security+; this trio of certifications represent a globally recognized foundation of IT knowledge.
A+
The CompTIA A+ certification is considered a starting point by many people in the IT field, as it demands no prerequisites, and introduces candidates to a range of fundamental hardware and software disciplines, including PC repair, software and operating systems, desktop support, networking and cyber security. The A+ curriculum even covers basic interpersonal communication skills - a key attribute for enduring success the IT workforce.
A+ study time: 90 days
Network+
The CompTIA Network+ certification builds on the knowledge from the A+ certification with a focus on networking topics, such as network installation, administration, troubleshooting and security. Candidates are recommended to have an A+ certification or equivalent knowledge, and at least nine months of experience in IT networking.
Network+ study time: 45 days, after passing both A+ exams
Security+
CompTIA's Security+ is an entry-level security certification that is considered the minimum amount of security knowledge required by network administrators. For example, the U.S. Department of Defense requires administrators to be at least Security+ certified before they are granted administrative rights on a DoD network. Security+ certification validates your skills in topics like network security, threat assessment, cryptography and cyber incident response.
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WHAT’S NEW ABOUT THE A+ CERTIFICATION CLASS

IT Career Programs. These programs are designed to help individuals with little or no IT experience gain entry-level IT jobs. Centriq has now transitioned this innovative design concept into training for corporate customers looking to obtain their A+ certification. Rather than offering the same five-day lecture-based class attempting to cover both the 22-1001 and the 220-1002 (Core 1 and Core 2) exams, Centriq has converted its CompTIA A+ training into two 4-day classes:

CompTIA A+ Core 1 – Prep for 220-1001 Objectives

CompTIA A+ Core 2 – Prep for 220-1002 Objectives

Each of these 4-day classes focuses on a single A+ certification exam. The extra classroom time is dedicated to hands-on exercises and labs giving students more real-world experience. The result is a significantly improved learning experience that focuses on the actual role of the IT professional and less on memorizing the lecture content. This experience in turn leads to a greater pass rate regarding the CompTIA A+ certification exams.

Whether obtaining the CompTIA A+ certification is for career advancement or a job requirement, Centriq’s new bifurcated format is the surest path to gaining a greater understanding of IT and, of course, passing the two exams.

More Info: comptia a+ description

CompTIA Exams question types are graded

Two important pieces of information about the new drag and drop and performance-based questions that you need to know:
Partial Credit; Scoring credit may be offered if a candidate answers only part of a question correctly.
No Negative Credit; CompTIA does not employ negative scoring on exam questions. In other words, scoring credit is not taken away for incorrect answers. A candidate should answer every exam question, even on the ones where they are not sure of the answer.

Testing Strategies:

The new question types like drag and drop and performance-based questions will be presented at the beginning of the exams. These questions can be more complex and take longer to answer than traditional multiple choice questions. DON’T GET BOGGED DOWN WITH THE PERFORMANCE-BASED QUESTIONS. You can skip questions and come back and answer them at the end. Here are some strategies to use when taking the exams:
Skip the Performance-based questions and come back at the end to answer them so you don’t get bogged down and run out of time.
Count the performance-based questions as you skip them so you know how many you have to do when you come back to them at the end.
Read over all the performance-based questions and answer the ones you are most comfortable with first. Leave the ones you are less confident about until last.
If you are not sure about some of the steps in the performance-based or drag and drop questions, give it your best guess. You may receive partial credit. Since CompTIA does not employ negative scoring a wrong answer does not hurt you any more than an unanswered question. Make your best guess, it can’t hurt you.
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Study guides, eBooks, and legitimate self-tests

There is no shortage of material aimed at the A+ certification. There are Study guides, eBooks, and Authorized self-tests. Many are available from reputable authors and publishers. You want to stick with the major authors and publishers. Do your homework before you spend your money! Research each vendor, look at the customer comments for common complaints. Remember, no Crams, no Cheats, no Brain Dumps!

CertBlaster offers legitimate free A+ ExamNotes that address every Exam objective and topic for your certification along with a sample of the test content. All the free Learning content on CertBlaster is there primarily to help you certify. You can get thousands of questions in the CertBlaster test for your chosen exam.

Just one more thought: If you are thinking about Brain Dump materials. Aside from being illegal this type of material is widely known to be inaccurate. The legal issue stems from an NDA (Non-Disclosure Agreement) you must accept before you even see a question at a testing center. The NDA prohibits you from disclosing anything about the test contents. CompTIA finds and prosecutes every instance of this behavior.

Now on to accuracy. Let’s say a certification has a grade range of 100 to 900 with a passing score of 700 and our brain dump author scores 750. They will sit down and crank out as much as they can remember questions and answers. The Problem? Our dump expert answered over 20% of their questions incorrectly. Compound this with the sad fact that those wrong questions will be the ones they remember because they felt harder than the others. And there’s your brain dump… Beware!

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Certifications to Begin and Advance Your Tech Career

Jason Hernandez switched from a music career to IT in 2016, getting training through the IT-Ready Technical Support program in the CompTIA Tech Career Academy. Armed with his first IT certification, CompTIA A+, he landed an IT job, working as a technical user support analyst at Medtronic.

Additional certifications enabled Hernandez to move up from there. He says his CompTIA Network+ certification enabled him to work in a specialized support group helping Medtronic’s mobile sales team in the field. “In that role, I was exposed to more specialized systems and got my first taste of working through security incidents,” he said, spurring his interest in security.

Since then, Hernandez has earned his CompTIA Security+, CompTIA CySA+ and CompTIA Advanced Security Practitioner (CASP) certifications and become a technology systems administrator for Eden Prairie Schools, where he earns a competitive salary. He manages large tech projects that serve 10,000+ students, staff and parents connecting daily. His specific role involves cybersecurity policies, vulnerability scanning and management, as well as MacOS/iOS administration using JAMF, which he’s also certified in.
More Info: a+ network+ security+ jobs

Answers to Commonly Asked Interview Questions

When it comes to IT pro job interviews, there are some commonly asked questions that you should expect before going in. The key is to think beyond the basics when answering these.

Here are a few of those commonly asked questions:
Tell me what you know about our company? Keep in mind, they are not asking for a summary of the website. When answering this question, don’t just think about what they are going to ask you on a technical level. Think instead, “How does the company add value?” You really will impress them if you can say how they make money!
Why do you want to work here? Think about the research you did on the company’s core values and mission statement. Use the insight you gathered to relate your motivation to work here. This is also an opportunity to highlight your soft skills.
Tell me about your home network and how you secure it. This question is a bit more uncommon, but it’s important to be prepared for it, because how you formulate your answer will show a lot about how you work. Even if you’ve never worked in IT, it is a good idea to show you have some knowledge about technology. Tinkering around on your own home network and sharing that knowledge during an interview will bridge the gap between having prior experience and needing experience to get an IT job.

Overall, the IT hiring manager wants to know what kind of tech employee you will be. If you don’t know how to answer a question, it is OK to say you don’t know but are willing to find out. This will show a lot about work ethic and how well you can get along with others.

Every job interview will most likely include questions about your past job experience. This is a good opportunity to brag about yourself and share your accomplishments. But what if your past job was in hospitality? Or you’ve recently graduated and this is your first real-world job interview? This is when you highlight the soft skills, coursework or pet projects you have accumulated over the years. Stack your knowledge of technology with the soft skills you have gained with previous experience. This is also a good time to share any volunteer work you have done, foreign languages proficiency or IT certifications you have under your belt.
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IT Support Certifications Are Your Direct Route to a Tech Career

Hubspot also recommended CompTIA A+ to those interested in breaking into the tech industry, stressing that it imparts the capabilities necessary for starting a career in IT. It noted that the certification teaches best practices for keeping sensitive data secure, which can make an IT job candidate much more competitive.

Other IT support certifications mentioned in these articles include ITIL Foundation, Apple Certified Mac Technician (ACMT), CompTIA Network+, HDI-CSR and Microsoft Technology Associate (MTA).
CompTIA Network+

ClearanceJobs explained that CompTIA Network+ consistently ranks as one of the best IT certifications on the market. It stated that those who pass the CompTIA Network+ certification exam know how to troubleshoot networking issues, design networks, implement network security and protocols and more. It also explained why having a vendor-neutral certification is valuable.

“It is good to have a mix of certifications on your resume, and as a beginner in IT or with networking, this is the best place to start. You could jump straight into the Cisco Certified Network Associate certification path (CCNA), but Cisco assumes that you have prior networking experience and specifically with their routing and switching equipment,” the article stated. “Going vendor-neutral can sometimes be a good thing because the focus isn’t on the hardware, but more on the logical framework of the technology.”

ClearanceJobs called CompTIA Network+ a career launching pad that is essential to those who want a long-term career in IT. Networking skills are highly beneficial to IT pros in any role, including those in support positions such as a help desk technician or a network support specialist.
More Info: jobs you can get with a+ certification

job seekers to stand out to IT recruiters

One recipient of the dual credential is Leo Chui, who was a personal trainer for 12 years when he decided he was ready for a career change. “I have always been passionate about technology and I always wanted to work in that field, but I didn’t have a university degree,” he says. “I simply did not have the means to take on student loans in order to pursue my dreams and also keep a roof over my head.” Leo believes that the IT Support Professional Certificate aligns with the training in CompTIA’s certification exams. He says the training and the badge gave him the confidence to start applying for positions in the field, and he just landed his first IT job.

With this dual badge, people who complete the Google IT Support Professional Certificate and receive the CompTIA A+ certification are better set up to share their skills with potential employers

After completing the A+, Network+, and Security+ certifications you have a decision to make. Do you want to pursue a Cisco path or a Microsoft path? Both paths are proprietary and there isn't much crossover between the two so it will be very difficult if you decide to pursue both at the same time.

In many cases, an employer lets you know what is valuable to the company and this is often the deciding factor. In other cases, people just enjoy working with operating systems more than networking devices or vice versa (by the time you finish the CompTIA certifications you should know your preference). As the old saying goes, ’Do what you love and you’ll never work a day in your life.’

Of course there are exceptions and there’s no reason you can’t pursue both paths. If this is your choice, the early Cisco certifications such as the CCENT and CCNA R&S are the logical next step. The CompTIA Network+ lays a good foundation for both. After completing the CCNA R&S you can turn your attention to Microsoft certifications.
More Info: comptia a+ jobs near me

CompTIA Network+ certification Knowledge and Skills Requirement

The basic knowledge an IT professional should have:
Firstly, designing and implementing functional networks.
Secondly, configuring, managing, and maintaining the essential network devices.
Thirdly, identifying the benefits and limitations of existing network configurations.
Moreover, implementing network security, standards, and protocols as well as troubleshooting network problems.
Lastly, supporting the creation of virtualized networks.
Course Outline

There are important concepts that are provided for the CompTIA Network+ exam. Certainly, understanding these concepts can also provide benefits during the interview process. They are,
Networking Concepts
This will explain to you the purpose of a variety of networking concepts and implementing them.
Infrastructure
In this, you will learn and determine the concepts of cabling, device and storage technologies.
Network Operations
This will help you in using the best practices for managing the network as well as determining the policies of business continuity.
Network Security
In this section, you will understand the physical security & common attacks and steps for securing the wired and wireless network.
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CompTIA Exam Tricks

Sometimes it’s not about how much you study, but where you’re getting your materials. Using official CompTIA textbooks or materials from well-established industry pros is a great way to ensure you’re getting quality materials.

As for what to avoid, two words: brain dumps. A brain dump is when someone posts test questions after taking an exam. They often include the answers. While this might seem like the best place to get knowledge, be careful. There’s no quality control, you have no idea if you’re actually getting the right answer, and, while it might help you pass the test, it won’t do you any favors when you’re actually trying to use the knowledge in the real world.

Worst of all, brain dumps can actually get the person posting them in legal trouble since CompTIA exam takers have to sign a non-disclosure agreement. This Reddit thread gives a great summary of why they should be avoided.

The CompTIA A+ is the most widely recognized certification in the field of computer hardware and operating systems for those beginning their career in IT. The exam is designed to certify the competency of entry-level PC computer service professionals in installing, maintaining, customizing, and operating personal computers. No pre-requisites required for CompTIA A+ certification. CompTIA A+ certification deals with computer repair, software & operating systems, home/small office network administration, information security, cloud computing, and troubleshooting of both desktops and mobile devices. Many reputed companies, including US and other government organizations recognize A+ credentials while doing selection process.

Recently, Comptia introduced performance based questions that test the hands-on skills of the individual taking the test. Check out Comptia A+ Labsim for hands-on labs experience.
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IT Team Prepared for CompTIA A+

In today’s world, organizations must ensure the security of their systems. With the digitalization of the processes, organizations are more prone to cyber attacks. Organizations need to protect their valuable assets from the rising number of threats. No wonder, businesses need IT professionals with expertise in networking and security.

In this blog, we will discuss why CompTIA A+ certification is necessary for your IT professionals to help your organization function seamlessly.

Do you want to expedite your IT skills with CompTIA A+ and Network+ certification? Then watching this recorded CompTIA webinar will certainly help you out!

The answer is simple. Remember, CompTIA A+ tests a technician with less than a year of experience. Is that alternative answer you see where two plus two equals five (for very large values of two) really a situation where a newbie tech is going to see it?

Probably not.

Keep it simple and look for the most basic answer. You’ll be right.
Watch Out for Beta Questions

CompTIA reserves the right to insert ungraded beta questions. As the name implies, CompTIA is “trying them out” to see how folks react. Most testers aren’t aware of these beta questions and it seems CompTIA puts them right at the beginning of the exam – which is a guaranteed panic-inducer.
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Overview of CompTIA A+ Certification

CompTIA A+ certification will give you the required skills and expertise when entering the field of Information Technology.

The IT field is a big and competitive arena, and only those with certifications distinguish. Especially, CompTIA A+ certification will qualify you with the essential skills and expertise to establish a career in the IT field. CompTIA A+ is normally among the primary steps in the CompTIA certifications career path. It is a standard certification comprising two separate yet interrelated exams

Some specific skills will be evaluated in this exam, and you are expected to comprehend these areas and emphasize the topics during the preparation. The topic areas comprise
Operating Systems (27%)
Security (24%)
Software Troubleshooting (26%)
Operational Procedures (23%)
It is important to point out that every skill area also has sub-topics that concretize what applicants are needed to include for each of them.

CompTIA A+ exams are pointed towards the technical support and operations of IT, the software side. This confirms that CompTIA A+ is not just about repairing Computer, but also about troubleshooting and addressing many issues in networking, mobile devices, operating systems, security, etc. So, as a CompTIA A+ certified professional, you are more fitted in job profiles such as field service technician, computer technician, helpdesk technician, and manufacturing.
More Info: entry level a+ certification jobs

Benefits of Earning CompTIA A+ Certification

Defined as the standard for the IT field, the CompTIA A+ certification has several benefits to every professional who prefers to pursue it. The IT professionals’ knowledge of software, including hardware, will be proved through the certification. Here’s what it means to earn the certification:
1. Confirms Your Commitment

Organizations are always on the prospect of experts who have confirmed their commitment to the potential work that a sound badge is intended to prove. With CompTIA A+ certification, you’ll automatically prove the HRs how much you concerned about your career and responsibilities. It also helps applicants in acquiring the skills that can propel their careers. No hiring manager would want to overlook such a person during the hiring process!
2. CompTIA Certification Is Vendor-Neutral

CompTIA A+ gives you an opportunity to learn how to operate any of the IT vendors’ systems available. It doesn’t restrict you to the products of a specific IT enterprise. More to add, the reliable CompTIA A+ certification provides you flexibility and presents an opportunity to expand your knowledge as you’ll be dealing with products from various tech producers.
3. It’s Satisfying and Alleviating

Nothing is as comforting as perceiving; you have eventually accomplished the goal you have been pursuing. Even though there are many more career heights to reach, you’ll feel totally satisfied with your efforts and the good outcomes obtained with this certification under your belt.
More Info: jobs that require a+ certification

What Is a Cloud Engineer

As a cloud engineer, I maintain a customer cloud infrastructure. I ensure that the data processing solutions are functional and that accesses and data are correctly processed. I also ensure we are following best practices, keeping costs down and keeping our solutions secure.

In the Amazon cloud environment, I maintain the EC2 instances (virtual machines), monitor incoming transaction queues, maintain s3 (storage) and create identity access management (IAM) roles and policies.

Can you answer your customers questions?
As the technology ecosystem continues to swim against the constant changes happening in our industry, your customers are facing similar challenges. Help them navigate with answers to their questions about:
Physical and virtual support.
Clear and transparent SLAs.
24/7 availability.
Demand generation capabilities and resources.
High quality products and services.
A consumer-like experience with intuitive UIs.
Technically strong and certified support staff.
Fast and efficient response times.
Great price-to-value ratio.
Ability to deal with most issues remotely.
Multiple locations.
On-demand real-time reporting.

A typical day includes making the environment safer, finding ways to automate processes, finding optimizations for cost and performance, and responding to customer inquiries.

More Info: comptia it fundamentals jobs

Windows 7 is Going Out of Service

Microsoft’s end-of-service date for Windows 7 – January 14, 2020 – will be here before we know it. Before taking on a Windows 10 migration, it is critical that you take the time necessary to create a comprehensive and detailed plan. Proper and careful planning is key to the success of any project. Not doing so can create major problems, such as schedule delays, compatibility issues, resource availability concerns, data loss and costly change orders.

Equally important is to have executive support at the highest levels for the plan. Be sure to document the plan and be as detailed as possible. There is no such thing as too much planning. A lack of details can sabotage the migration, and those responsible for the plan may find themselves looking for another job. Be sure to dot your Is and cross your Ts.

Consider the following when creating your plan:
Employee work schedules.
Business peak times.
An inventory of all Windows-based devices.
Whether your current devices can run on Windows 10.
A software compatibility analysis.
Backup of end-user data.
Alpha and beta testing.
End-user training.
A floorplan.
Personnel.

Identifying and locating your assets can be challenging if you do not have an asset tracking and license management solution. The mysterious art of Windows licensing will continue to baffle those responsible for managing it when they switch to version 10.
More Info: entry level a+ certification jobs

CompTIA Communities and Councils Forum

Last year, CompTIA launched a new event, CCF, and it proved a smash success, convening CompTIA’s communities for eye-opening insights that the association celebrated all year long. This year, CCF is back and even bigger, as it brings in CompTIA’s Industry Advisory Councils. CompTIA’s communities and councils are great places to connect with like-minded peers and share best practices on a wide range of topics, and this spring they’re all coming together at the CompTIA Communities and Councils Forum (CCF), March 11 to 13, at the Chicago Marriott Downtown.

As an active member of the Atlanta Chapter since 1981, Julian been involved in the IT field for more than 40 years and has served on the Chapter Board of Directors since 1988, including serving as Chapter President in 1991.
Why You Should Be There

CCF will have CompTIA out in full force. Seven of CompTIA’s 10 communities – IT Security, Advancing Women in Technology, Emerging Technology, Advancing Diversity in Technology, Future Leaders, Technology Lifecycle Services and Managed Services – will be on hand and meeting, so you’ll have the opportunity here to connect where you best fit within the association and tech, and maybe find a new community to contribute to and be supported by. Further, CompTIA’s five councils – the Channel Advisory Board, the Business Applications Advisory Council, the Smart Cities Advisory Council, the Drone Advisory Council and the Blockchain Advisory Council – holding their invitation-only meetings concurrently during CCF bolsters the amount of thought-leadership in the building. So however you’re advancing the business of technology, this is where you want to be this spring.

More Info: jobs that require a+ certification

Tech’s Teachable Moment of Equity

First recognized by the federal government in February 1976, Black History Month is a time to celebrate the contributions of African Americans in the United States and beyond. But in a time when the nation is experiencing heightened racial tensions and what sometimes feels like a regression of the gains made during the civil rights movement, many organizations find themselves reflecting on their own diversity and inclusion initiatives and the efficacy of the status quo. For many organizations in the tech industry, this month is an awkward reminder that their workforce still lacks the diversity they need to be most successful. Beyond the typical marketing campaigns and logo changes to celebrate the month, this is a moment for the industry to shift its diversity and inclusion focus to address equity and intergroup dialogue.
The New CompTIA Linux+

This spring, CompTIA will release a new version of CompTIA Linux+ that has been completely revamped. As we bring the exam in house, ending the partnership with LPI, you will be able to earn CompTIA Linux+ by passing just one exam, not two. The content has also been updated to reflect where the technology is going and covers topics such as storage and virtualization, kernel modules, DevOps basics, networking and firewalls, and more.

One of the looming issues that continues to plague the tech industry is that of access. The industry has earned a reputation of being a haven for the elite and often inaccessible to those outside of the immediate networks of tech. Even many of the attempted diversity initiatives focus on contributing funds to non-profits, which doesn’t mean a company is actually invested in changing internal structures or examining external factors that limit access for underrepresented people.

More Info: a+ certification near me

Ethical Problems in Computing

Because of its constantly changing nature, the area of computer technology is one that is difficult to assign a specific set of moral codes, although it is necessary that ethics be considered when making decisions in this area. Computing creates a whole new set of ethical problems, unique unto itself.

Such problems include:

"…the unauthorized use of hardware, the theft of software, disputed rights to products, the use of computers to commit fraud, the phenomenon of hacking and data theft, sabotage in the form of viruses, responsibility for the reliability of output, making false claims for computers, and the degradation of work.” (Forester 4)

These problems engender a whole new set of ethical questions, including:

"is copying software really a form of stealing”
"are so-called ‘victimless' crimes… more acceptable than crimes with human victims”
"does information on individuals stored in a computer constitute an intolerable invasion of privacy?” (Forester 4 – 5)

These questions demand that ethical principles be applied to their resolution because without the consideration of ethics, these gray areas can easily become completely black.

To begin with, it seems that there are four big areas of computer ethics. They are "(1) computer crime; (2) responsibility for computer failure; (3) protection of computer property, records, and software; and (4) privacy of the company, workers, and customers”. (De George 338) This part of our discussion will focus primarily on computer crime and privacy.
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